Fig. 1

Terrestrial protected areas in Chile. To the best of our knowledge, there is no formal geographic definition of Patagonia in Chile. In this study, we define Chilean Patagonia as the area that encompasses the regions Los Lagos, Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, and Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. This geographic delimitation was based on personal communication with researchers in Chile. SNASPE is the acronym in Spanish for the national state system of protected areas managed by the Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF). It is composed of the following categories National Parks, National Reserves, and Natural Monuments. Natural Sanctuaries, another terrestrial protected area category, are not part of the SNASPE and were not included because of their limited total surface, most of them are recently created and their administration is limited in comparison to the SNASPE. See Table S3 in the Additional Material file for the complete list of the protected areas considered in this study as well as the year these protected areas were created by the State. The analysis focused only on terrestrial protected areas from SNASPE