Table 1 Photosynthetic characteristics (Ek: [μmol photon m−2s−1], ETRmax: [μmol e− m−2 s−1]; αETR [μmol e− m−2 s−1]. [μmol photon m−2 s−1]−1), inhibition by UV radiation compared to PAR, and subsequent recovery in the early developmental stages of Antarctic macroalgae
From: Stress tolerance of Antarctic macroalgae in the early life stages
Species/ Stage | Depth | Ek | ETRmax | αETR | F v /F m | UV inhibition | Recovery | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascoseira mirabilis | |||||||||
Gametangia | Deep sublittoral (17–30 m) | 17 ± 5c | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 30–60 % (4 h) a | 73–83 % (4 h) | Present study | |
Gametangia | Upper sublittoral | 52 | 5 | 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.06 | 20–25 % (1 h)b | 100 % (2 d) | [5] | |
Conceptacles | Shallow sublittoral (1 m) | 52 ± 14 | 10.6 ± 4.2 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | ~0.6 | 0 % (6 h)d | 100 % (14 h) | [12] | |
Adenocystis utricularis | |||||||||
Zoospores | Eulittoral | 59 ± 6c | 27 ± 3 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 5 % (4 h) a | 100 % (4 h) | Present study | |
Zoospores | Eulittoral | 64 | 9 | 0.14 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 37 % (8 h)c | 100 % (48 h) | [4] | |
Cystosphaera jacquinotii | |||||||||
Receptacles | Deep sublittoral | 13 ± 6 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | ~7.2 | 15–21 % (2 h)e | ~90 % (4 h) | [12] | |
Gigartina skottsbergii | |||||||||
Carpospores | Sublittoral (5–8 m) | 27 ± 9c | 7 ± 2 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.32 | 30–60 % (4 h) a | 50–60 % (4 h) | Present study | |
Carpospores | Sublittoral | 54 ± 2 | 6.87 ± 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 1–3 % (UV-B; 8 h)b | 100 % (2 d) | [6] | |
11–18 % (UV-A; 8 h)b | |||||||||
Tetraspores | Sublittoral | 44 ± 21 | 5.60 ± 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.31 ± 0.07 | 4–7 % (UV-B; 8 h)b | 100 % (2 d) | [6] | |
11–21 % (UV-A; 8 h)b | |||||||||
Iridaea cordata | |||||||||
Tetraspores | Eulittoral | 46 ± 6bc | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | 20 % (4 h) a | 100 % (4 h) | Present study | |
Tetraspores | Upper sublittoral | 57 | 6.9 | 0.12 | 0.47 ± 0.04 | ~25 % (UV-B; 8 h)b | 100 % (2 d) | [35] | |
~30 % (UV-A; 8 h)b | |||||||||
Porphyra endiviifolia | |||||||||
Carpospores | Eulittoral | 101 ± 19b | 14 ± 2 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 20 % (4 h) a | 100 % (4 h) | Present study | |
Monospores | Upper eulittoral | 33 | 4 | 0.12 | 0.49 ± 0.04 | 0 % (8 h)c | 100 % (48 h) | [4] | |
Monostroma hariotii | |||||||||
Gametes | Eulittoral | 295 ± 84a | 25 ± 5 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 20 % (4 h) a | 100 % (4 h) | Present study | |
Gametes | Eulittoral | 83 | 5 | 0.065 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0 % (8 h)c | 100 % (48 h) | [4] | |
Urospora penicilliformis | |||||||||
Zoospores, gametes | Upper eulittoral | 87 | 14 | 0.16 | ~0.50 | ~37 % (UV-B; 6 h)b | 100 % (24 h) | [37] | |
~33 % (UV-A; 6 h)b | |||||||||
Gametophytes | Upper eulittoral | 252 | 44 | 0.18 | ~0.51 | ~26 % (UV-B; 6 h)b | 94 % (1 h) | [37] | |
~25 % (UV-A; 6 h)b | |||||||||